CUTTINGS; Broom Corn for Decoration and, Yes, Brooms
By ELISABETH GINSBURG
Published: June 13, 2004
NOW that ornamental grasses are a
well-established presence in fashionable gardens, broom corn, a humble
American annual once grown as a housekeeper's helper, is poised to make
a comeback.
Climbing to six feet, this distant relative of
sweet corn boasts heavy tassels, ribbonlike leaves and nodding, upright
sprays of seed-laden panicles, 16 to 20 inches tall.
A tender
annual, broom corn flourishes wherever edible corn can be grown. It
thrives as a hedge or as a backdrop for a border. ''I plant it
alongside the road, with smaller sunflowers and red zinnias in front of
it,'' said Diane Whealy, an associate director of the Seed Savers
Exchange, referring to a hedge she tends at the exchange's headquarters
in Decorah, Iowa.
A sorghum species, closely related to food
and forage crops like millet and milo, broom corn bears seed sprays in
shades of red, black, gold, cream or beige. They can be harvested and
dried for use in wreaths and arrangements, or left on their stalks to
accent the garden and feed the birds.
The sprays can also be stripped of seeds, of course, bundled and attached to broom handles.
The
corn broom seems to be American innovation. Before settling in North
America, Europeans tied twigs to handles. Sometime during the Colonial
or post-Colonial era, farmers realized that the sorghum they grew as
animal feed could also yield broom straw. In the early 19th century,
enterprising Shakers introduced the flat, wire-bound broom that is
still in use today, although manufacturing has gradually shifted from
factories throughout the United States to factories in the Midwest and
Mexico.
J.P. Welsh, a farmer in Worthington, Mass., has been
growing broom corn for 15 years and was so taken with the broom-making
craft that he apprenticed himself to experts at two Shaker villages, in
Pittsfield, Mass., and Canterbury, N.H. Today Mr. Welsh sells his
brooms for $20 to $45 at farmers' markets and craft shows and online .
As
he noted, the plant's appeal goes beyond the purely utilitarian. ''The
seeds are pretty, and the heavy tassels move in slow motion on a breezy
day,'' he said.
And the plants are hardly fussy. Mr. Welsh said
that seedlings often sprout from seeds swept out of his barn after
broom-making sessions. Once plants are established, they are
drought-hardy and vulnerable only to crows.
It's best to begin
with a mix of varieties as some will do better than others will. Mr.
Welsh recommends planting the seeds in a sunny spot, spacing rows about
16 inches apart. Thin the seedlings to give them six inches on each
side, and water them regularly until they are established. Harvest the
sprays when the colors deepen and the seeds are shiny.
It takes
about 60 healthy sprays to make a single broom. But wreaths and dried
arrangements require only a few plants. Mrs. Whealy recommends placing
them in an empty vase and letting them dry naturally into an arching
shape.
Most traditional corn brooms are made from stalks that
have had the seeds removed. Heritage Farm, an arm of the seed exchange,
sells brooms with seeds still attached. While not as useful for
sweeping, Mrs. Whealy said, such brooms are reputed to bring good luck
-- which may be even better than dust-free floors.
Increasingly,
she said, she hears not only from would-be broom makers but also from
garden designers in search of ''unique things'' to add to beds and
borders. And broom corn certainly fits that bill.
Several years
ago, Louis Raymond, a garden designer based in Hopkinton, R.I., created
a parterre filled with colorful annuals for the Newport Showhouse at
Mount Hope Farm. Humble broom corn was perfectly at home in the
sophisticated display, accenting the corners of the large rectangular
plot with colorful, seed-laden sprays. The deer-resistant plants, which
flourish in sweltering heat and look best in August and September, are
also wonderful for summer house gardens, Mr. Raymond said. ''Broom corn
is a plant that just doesn't quit,'' he said.
Seeds or Brooms
Whether
the goal is a pretty border or a clean floor, it's good to begin with a
mix of varieties of broom corn. The seeds can be ordered from Seed
Savers Exchange, 3076 North Winn Road, Decorah, Iowa 52101,
(563)382-5990 or www.seedsavers.org; or from Veseys, P.O. Box 9000,
Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 8K6, (800)363-7333 or www.veseys.com.
Traditional corn brooms are sold by Justamere Tree Farm, 248 Patterson
Road, Worthington, Mass. 01098, (413)238-5902 or
www.justameretreefarm.com. A catalog is $1
I thought this article was interesting for one and all. It appeared in The New York Times newspaper 4 years ago.